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The families of elephants contain up to 10 members moving together as one unit. This family structure is called herd with the oldest female elephant called matriarch, in charge. She leads the pack and controls the daily activities of its members. The matriarch elephant in the herd is also the most experienced family member. In critical moments, the entire group relies on the experience of the oldest female. The wealth of experience of the matriarch is due to her photographic memory and the ability to retain superior memories for several decades. Those sharp memories sometimes even last a whole lifetime.
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The recalling power of elephants in the wild and captivity has been fodder for many stories, both fiction and non-fiction. Ancient legends and tales have it that elephants never forget a face that they have seen even just once. Moreover, they also remember people with whom they have come into contact. The ability of elephants to recall their peers and human beings from the past serves them well as they can live up to 70 to 80 years. Not only are they able to recognize peers and people, but also express emotions in ways that perhaps only human beings can.
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Major David Sheldrick was the founder of Sheldrick Elephant Orphanage in Kenya. Before he founded it, he was the senior warden and one of the pioneers of Tsavo east national park during the sixties. His passion for the wilderness led him to undertake in-depth research delving into all early records of the habitat to comprehend the changes taking place in the Tsavo area under his control during his wardenship. By studying the root systems of trees and grasses, David understood the effect they had on a changing water table. Hence, David knew about Tsavo and its rhythms more than anyone.
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Nile crocodiles are prehistoric survivors of dinosaur antecedents. In their present form, they date back 80 million years. The Egyptians kept them as pets 26 centuries ago. Nubian fishers, to this day, stuff them and mount them over their doorsills to ward off evil. The main features of crocodile are its four splayed, short legs, a scaly hide, powerful tail and a strong jaw. Although they are scary creatures, their group dynamism and individual behavior are often fascinating and amusing to both the biologists and the general public alike. Pollution, habitat loss, and illegal hunting have severely depleted their numbers.
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Some countries produce crocodile skin and process the hides to leather. In other words, they have crocodile farms and are also equipped with the infrastructure to transform the skin to leather. But some other countries that supply raw crocodile skins such as Kenya are in a dilemma. They ask whether it would not be profitable to tan them locally in their country rather than export them in the wet salted state. When it comes to owning the leather processing business the immediate practical solutions available at their disposal are to either, do partial leather processing or run a pickling plant.
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Leather may be the simplest manufactured material in prehistoric times. But manufacturing leather in modern days using natural and synthetic tans and a variety of treatments is complicated. The exact procedures, chemicals, and equipment used are subject to variation and change between tanneries. Crocodile leather passes through many convoluted stages, and routine treatments like rinsing, washing, draining, or partial drying often separates the processes. Surely amateurs can make reasonably good leather because the core operations are standard. However, making the best crocodile leather is a long and skilled procedure as the tanning and finishing of the skins is very specialized.
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Crocodile leather is considered one of the most expensive leathers in the world. It has a prominent place in the lines of most global upmarket brands such as Vuitton, Versace and Gucci. Although crocodile leather fashion is seasonal, the actual goods rarely lose its value due to scarcity, source, and demand, not to mention the level of craftsmanship. Crocodile leather is unique due to its elegant patterns and colors that give it a subtle allure. Depending on the positions and sizes of the leathers, appropriate products will be crafted using almost all of the leather so as to shrink wastage.
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People farm crocodiles mainly for their skin to make high-quality leather. Crocodile skin undergoes processing and tanning before it converts to leather. It is exotic due to its rarity and the timeless craftsmanship required to produce a finished hide. The tail, legs, head, and many other body parts contribute unique styles, creating a diverse palette, making lipstick holders and money clips with them. As a material for making accessories, crocodile skin is a constant source of wonder. The supply of total skins available globally is small. Its rarity determines that products made of crocodile skin will never be mass market.
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Nile crocodiles are very stiff and not very comfortable on land, and they stick out like sore thumbs. Mostly, they move only when needed or when feeling threatened. But in the water, they are way too easygoing, often hiding and running about continually. They are extremely alert and have the capacity to swim at high speed and incredible agility in the water. Interestingly enough, Nile crocodiles swim almost effortlessly and it comes as second nature. Hence, people often wonder how crocodiles that do not have fins or gills like other aquatic animals, spend almost their entire lives in the water.
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In Kenya, the most common type of crocodile is the Nile crocodile. A Nile crocodile is not a beautiful sight. It is unsightly. But it is fascinating to watch, albeit from a distance. It has a purple under part and a bronze colored back. The flanks are yellow in color and scutes form on the tail and back. The colors keep changing, as it grows old. The Nile crocodile is widely distributed in the Southern Africa including Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Zambia and has a healthy population in many East African countries such as Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania.
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Crocodiles have played an important part in human culture. Some people in certain parts of the world worship them as supernatural creatures while some others use them for decorative or medical purposes. But hunting for skin and meat caused the greatest havoc to its survival. And the value of crocodile skin depends on several factors. Needless to say, the Nile crocodiles found in Kenya is one of the highly sought out skins for making high-quality leather. It is the ossification under the belly that is a major factor that separates the skin of Nile crocodile from the other crocodile species.
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One of the largest crocodilians is the Nile crocodile found in eastern Kenya. It is a marine predator that has evolved over centuries. It has a streamlined body, a powerful tail, and webbed hind feet. But the most distinguishable feature of a Nile crocodile is the enlarged tooth on the lower jaw, which juts out and is visible when it keeps its mouth closed. As the size of its body increases, its taste bud and appetite changes as well. And what transforms with that is its food hunting behavior. However, what remains unchanged is the human-crocodile conflict in the wild.
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Any wildlife safari traveler in Kenya would concur that cheetahs in the wild are typically solitary animals, but they are the most sociable among all the fat cats. After leaving the mother cheetah around the age of one, siblings stay together for six months. In the cheetah family, it is the domesticated females who take up the lion’s share of bringing up the cubs and forming family relationships. Males’ role starts and ends at mating. Apart from mating, males neither have any familial function nor do they possess any feelings for or bonding with the pregnant mother or the cubs.
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There are certain limitations when bringing up cheetahs. People have been killed while interacting with cheetahs. Treating them like domestic pets does not make them safe either. Caring for cheetahs is unlike that of a domestic animal. Even if they have been brought up from a young age, news reports abound of their attacks. Being forced to live in captivity can lead to stress as it prevents them from exhibiting natural instincts. And out of this frustration, cheetahs can become destructive and cause havoc. Urine spraying is one such behavior. In short, cheetahs are a danger to clueless pet owners.
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One of the reasons for cheetah’s death is AA amyloidosis, which is a life-threatening illness. Sadly, this destructive disease affects the regular day-to-day functioning and existence of the animals. It is a disease that spreads internally and can eventually cause organ failure ultimately leading to death. It is a killer that can wipe out huge numbers of cheetahs and cause a substantial dent in its population. At one time, there was an epidemic of AA amyloidosis, and very many cheetahs died of this tragedy. Cheetahs do not seem to be able to outrun this disease, pun intended, despite famously speedy.
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A running cheetah at its top speed while on a wildlife safari in Kenya is not a rare sight. It is renowned for its incredible speed when in a chase but documentary-makers film cheetahs for the creature’s majesty, and often underplay its speed. However, the BBC bucked the trend in its show The Hunt with aerial shots that reveal that the animal can reach top speeds in no time. In fact, within three seconds it can accelerate up to 60 to 75 miles per hour covering a distance of 1,600 feet with up to 25 feet in just one stroke.
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Wildlife biologists and scientists are doubtful whether cheetah can outrun extinction. If the population of cheetahs falls by even just 10 percent on an annual basis, then the numbers would decline by 50 percent in 15 years. Hence, breeding programs have been established in cheetah-populated areas to reverse this trend. The results seem promising in some places but not so much in others. Time will tell. However, if what the team predicts come true, then it is worth doing a wildlife safari in Kenya to watch these remarkable creatures before they get wiped out from the face of the earth.
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The Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt, remarkably won the gold medal nine times at the Olympics. People often wondered how the record-breaking runner, Usain Bolt, would fare against a cheetah. The animals even have an acceleration rate rivaling that of the sports car, Lamborghini. Because cheetahs are so fast, photographing them at that speed is nearly impossible. But the National Geographic did it when its Channel conducted a virtual race between Sarah, the cheetah, and Usain Bolt. They were curious to know what would have happened if the animal took part in the 100m final of the World Championship in 2009.
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Anybody involved in the study of cheetahs, the fastest sprinter in the world, would agree that pet cheetah is not a new phenomenon. Human beings have been keeping cheetahs not only as pets but also for various other reasons for thousands of years. Historical records indicate that Persian and Egyptian royalty often kept them in their palatial courts. As a result, cheetah dealers, trappers, and tamers were well paying jobs. But those times when cheetahs roamed abundantly in the African prairies and jungles have changed. Various factors brought on by both nature and humans have negatively affected its population numbers.
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The wealthy Arabs in the Middle East relish in having a cheetah. They think having a cheetah makes them look important. People boast about owning these exotic pets. Cheetahs are obtained both legally and unlawfully, bought at auctions, or found in the wild. The Wildlife Trade Cheetah Conservation estimates that the illegal market for pet cheetahs in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, and Qatar provide a steady supply of 300 cubs a year. The global wildlife summit has been the most active as it tackles the pet trade mainly because the smuggling of cheetahs into the Gulf States has been increasing.